Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing

McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM · Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine

Identifies VEGFR2 and the Akt–eNOS axis as the load-bearing mechanisms, with ERK1/2 signalling and effects concentrated in poorly vascularised tissue such as tendon and the myotendinous junction; counts exactly three human pilot studies — intra-articular knee pain, interstitial cystitis, and intravenous safety — none of them controlled, and concludes BPC-157 should be treated as investigational.

Population

Scoping review of BPC-157 mechanisms, musculoskeletal evidence and safety

Intervention

n/a

Comparator

n/a

Limitations

Narrative scoping design without formal quality appraisal; independent of the originating network, but its preclinical inputs are not.