The Cartilage Guide
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04

Treatments & Surgery

9 entries

The surgical and procedural options for cartilage defects — what each one actually is, who it suits, and what the follow-up data says.

Understanding your injury

  • Understanding your injury: cartilage gradingWhat ICRS and Outerbridge grades mean, and why the MRI is a floor, not a ceilingStrong

Marrow stimulation

  • MicrofractureThe cheap default that works for two years — then the fibrocartilage question comes dueStrong

Cell-based repair

  • MACICultured chondrocytes on a membrane — the cell therapy that beat microfracture at 2 and 5 yearsStrong
  • ICC / CEMTRO Cell (high-density ACI)Madrid's 5-million-cells-per-cm² variant of ACI — encouraging series, all from one centerPromising
  • ACI through three generationsFrom periosteal flap to MACI — what 30 years of chondrocyte implantation actually provedStrong

Scaffolds & grafts

  • Agili-CA cell-free coral-derived scaffold with a large RCT behind it — including knees with mild OAPromising
  • OATS / mosaicplastyYour own cartilage, moved — the best randomized return-to-sport data, paid for at the donor siteStrong
  • Fresh osteochondral allograftDonor cartilage on donor bone — decades of survivorship data, zero randomized trialsPromising

Alignment & offloading

  • Osteotomy (HTO) & realignmentNot a cartilage repair — a load redistribution that reliably buys years in the right kneeStrong

In this section

  • Understanding your injury
  • Marrow stimulation
  • Cell-based repair
  • Scaffolds & grafts
  • Alignment & offloading

How to read the tags.

Strong — multiple RCTs. Promising — early human trials. Preclinical — animal / in-vitro. Anecdotal — community reports. Not supported — trials show no meaningful benefit.

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The Cartilage Guide is an educational reference, not medical advice. Talk to your physician before changing treatment.

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