BPC-157 as an Investigational Peptide Therapeutic: Biopharmaceutical Challenges, Formulation Strategies, and Translational Development Barriers

Mateescu DM, Gavrilescu DM, Constantinescu FE, Oancea C, Ilie AC, Folescu R, Popa MD, Iurciuc S, Muresan CO, Enache A · Pharmaceutics

Finds no pharmaceutical-grade formulation, no BCS classification, no permeability or excipient-compatibility data, and no completed Phase II trial; counts fewer than 30 human subjects across three uncontrolled pilot studies, none using a standardised preparation, and names the sub-30-minute half-life against multi-day effects as the central unexplained disconnect.

Population

Narrative review of BPC-157 pharmaceutics, PubMed/Embase/Cochrane plus patent and regulatory databases to April 2026

Intervention

n/a

Comparator

n/a

Limitations

Narrative design with no formal quality appraisal; misattributes the 16-patient knee case series to the authors of the 2025 systematic review, an error worth knowing about when tracing that study through the secondary literature. Funded by the Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy.